From: <Saved by Windows Internet Explorer 8>
Subject: Operating Characteristics
Date: Sat, 1 Jan 2011 15:21:37 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	type="text/html";
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_012C_01CBA9C7.9542CC40"
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5994

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_012C_01CBA9C7.9542CC40
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/flip-flop04.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Operating Characteristics</TITLE>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 8.00.6001.18975"></HEAD>
<BODY=20
background=3Dhttp://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/flip-flo=
p04.html#=20
bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<P align=3Dcenter><IMG border=3D0 alt=3Dflipflop01s.gif=20
src=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/flipflop0=
1s.gif"=20
width=3D200 height=3D60>=20
<H1 align=3Dcenter><FONT color=3Dorange><I>Operating =
Characteristics</I></FONT>=20
</H1>
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>The operating characteristics mention here apply to all=20
  flip-flops regardless of the particular form of the circuit. =
&nbsp;They are=20
  typically found in data sheets for integrated circuits. &nbsp;They =
specify the=20
  performance, operating requirements, and operating limitations of the =
circuit.=20
  <BR><BR><FONT color=3Dred><BIG><BIG>Propagation Delay =
Time</BIG></BIG></FONT> -=20
  is the interval of time required after an input signal has been =
applied for=20
  the resulting output change to occur.</B>=20
  <P><B><FONT color=3Dred><BIG><BIG>Set-Up Time</BIG></BIG></FONT> - is =
the=20
  minimum interval required for the logic levels to be maintained =
constantly on=20
  the inputs (J and K, or S and R, or D) <FONT =
color=3D#ff0080>prior</FONT> to the=20
  triggering edge of the clock pulse in order for the levels to be =
reliably=20
  clocked into the flip-flop.</B>=20
  <P><B><FONT color=3Dred><BIG><BIG>Hold Time</BIG></BIG></FONT> - is =
the minimum=20
  interval required for the logic levels to <FONT =
color=3D#ff0080>remain</FONT> on=20
  the inputs after the triggering edge of the clock pulse in order for =
the=20
  levels to be reliably clocked into the flip-flop.</B>=20
  <P><B><FONT color=3Dred><BIG><BIG>Maximum Clock =
Frequency</BIG></BIG></FONT> -=20
  is the highest rate that a flip-flop can be reliably triggered.</B>=20
  <P><B><FONT color=3Dred><BIG><BIG>Power Dissipation =
</BIG></BIG></FONT>- is the=20
  total power consumption of the device.</B>=20
  <P><B><FONT color=3Dred><BIG><BIG>Pulse Widths</BIG></BIG></FONT> - =
are the=20
  minimum pulse widths specified by the manufacturer for the Clock, SET =
and=20
  CLEAR inputs.</B><BR></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR><BR>
<P align=3Dcenter><IMG border=3D0=20
src=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/bhf_r.gif=
" isMap=20
width=3D300 height=3D40 useMap=3D#bhfr><MAP name=3Dbhfr> <AREA=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/flip-flop05.h=
tml"=20
  shape=3DRECT coords=3D200,0,300,40><AREA=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/hpage.html"=20
  shape=3DRECT coords=3D102,0,200,40><AREA=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/flip-flop03.h=
tml"=20
  shape=3DRECT coords=3D0,0,102,40></MAP><BR><BR></P></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_012C_01CBA9C7.9542CC40
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/flipflop01s.gif
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------=_NextPart_000_012C_01CBA9C7.9542CC40
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/bhf_r.gif

[encoded data, 33136 characters]
AAAAAAAAHUM6XENTM1xodG1sM1xwaWNzXGJmX3IxMC5naWYAADs=

------=_NextPart_000_012C_01CBA9C7.9542CC40
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/flip-flop04.html#

<HTML>=0A=
<HEAD>=0A=
  <TITLE>Operating Characteristics</TITLE>=0A=
</HEAD>=0A=
<BODY BGCOLOR=3D"#ffffff" BACKGROUND=3D"#">=0A=
<P ALIGN=3DCenter>=0A=
<IMG WIDTH=3D"200" HEIGHT=3D"60" BORDER=3D"0" =
SRC=3D"./pics/flipflop01s.gif" ALT=3D"flipflop01s.gif">=0A=
<H1 ALIGN=3DCenter>=0A=
  <FONT COLOR=3D"Orange"><I>Operating Characteristics</I></FONT>=0A=
</H1>=0A=
<BLOCKQUOTE>=0A=
  <B>The operating characteristics mention here apply to all flip-flops =
regardless=0A=
  of the particular form of the circuit. &nbsp;They are typically found =
in=0A=
  data sheets for integrated circuits. &nbsp;They specify the =
performance,=0A=
  operating requirements, and operating limitations of the circuit. <BR>=0A=
  <BR>=0A=
  <FONT COLOR=3D"Red"><BIG><BIG>Propagation Delay =
Time</BIG></BIG></FONT> - is=0A=
  the interval of time required after an input signal has been applied =
for=0A=
  the resulting output change to occur.</B>=0A=
  <P>=0A=
  <B> <FONT COLOR=3D"Red"><BIG><BIG>Set-Up Time</BIG></BIG></FONT> - is =
the minimum=0A=
  interval required for the logic levels to be maintained constantly on =
the=0A=
  inputs (J and K, or S and R, or D) <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#ff0080">prior</FONT> to=0A=
  the triggering edge of the clock pulse in order for the levels to be =
reliably=0A=
  clocked into the flip-flop.</B>=0A=
  <P>=0A=
  <B> <FONT COLOR=3D"Red"><BIG><BIG>Hold Time</BIG></BIG></FONT> - is =
the minimum=0A=
  interval required for the logic levels to <FONT =
COLOR=3D"#ff0080">remain</FONT>=0A=
  on the inputs after the triggering edge of the clock pulse in order =
for the=0A=
  levels to be reliably clocked into the flip-flop.</B>=0A=
  <P>=0A=
  <B> <FONT COLOR=3D"Red"><BIG><BIG>Maximum Clock =
Frequency</BIG></BIG></FONT>=0A=
  - is the highest rate that a flip-flop can be reliably triggered.</B>=0A=
  <P>=0A=
  <B> <FONT COLOR=3D"Red"><BIG><BIG>Power Dissipation =
</BIG></BIG></FONT>- is=0A=
  the total power consumption of the device.</B>=0A=
  <P>=0A=
  <B> <FONT COLOR=3D"Red"><BIG><BIG>Pulse Widths</BIG></BIG></FONT> - =
are the=0A=
  minimum pulse widths specified by the manufacturer for the Clock, SET =
and=0A=
  CLEAR inputs.</B><BR>=0A=
</BLOCKQUOTE>=0A=
<P>=0A=
<BR>=0A=
<BR>=0A=
<P ALIGN=3DCenter>=0A=
<IMG SRC=3D"pics/bhf_r.gif" WIDTH=3D"300" HEIGHT=3D"40" BORDER=3D"0" =
ISMAP USEMAP=3D"#bhfr"><MAP=0A=
    NAME=3D"bhfr">=0A=
  <AREA SHAPE=3D"RECT" HREF=3D"./flip-flop05.html" =
COORDS=3D"200,0,300,40">=0A=
  <AREA SHAPE=3D"RECT" HREF=3D"./hpage.html" COORDS=3D"102,0,200,40">=0A=
  <AREA SHAPE=3D"RECT" HREF=3D"./flip-flop03.html" COORDS=3D"0,0,102,40">=0A=
</MAP>=0A=
<BR>=0A=
<BR>=0A=
</BODY></HTML>=0A=

------=_NextPart_000_012C_01CBA9C7.9542CC40--
