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Subject: Serial In - Serial Out Shift Registers
Date: Sat, 1 Jan 2011 15:24:59 +0200
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Serial In - Serial Out Shift Registers</TITLE>
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<H1 align=3Dcenter><FONT color=3Dteal><I>Serial In - Serial Out<BR>Shift =

Registers</I></FONT> </H1>
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>A basic <FONT color=3D#ff0080>four-bit shift =
register</FONT> can=20
  be constructed using four D flip-flops, as shown below. &nbsp;The =
operation of=20
  the circuit is as follows. &nbsp;The register is first cleared, =
forcing all=20
  four outputs to zero. &nbsp;The input data is then applied =
sequentially to the=20
  D input of the first flip-flop on the left (FF0). &nbsp;During each =
clock=20
  pulse, one bit is transmitted from left to right. &nbsp;Assume a data =
word to=20
  be 1001. &nbsp;The least significant bit of the data has to be shifted =
through=20
  the register from FF0 to FF3.</B> </BLOCKQUOTE>
<P align=3Dcenter><IMG border=3D0 alt=3D"4-bit SISO shift register"=20
src=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/regist01.=
jpg"=20
width=3D485 height=3D123> <BR><IMG border=3D0 alt=3D"SISO Write"=20
src=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/4siso0.gi=
f"=20
width=3D290 height=3D40>=20
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <P align=3Dleft><B>In order to get the data out of the register, they =
must be=20
  shifted out serially. &nbsp;This can be done destructively or=20
  non-destructively. &nbsp;For <FONT color=3D#0080ff>destructive =
readout</FONT>,=20
  the original data is lost and at the end of the read cycle, all =
flip-flops are=20
  reset to zero.</B> </P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P align=3Dcenter><IMG border=3D0 alt=3D"SISO Read"=20
src=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/0siso4.gi=
f"=20
width=3D280 height=3D40> <BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>To avoid the loss of data, an arrangement for a <FONT=20
  color=3D#0080ff>non-destructive reading</FONT> can be done by adding =
two AND=20
  gates, an OR gate and an inverter to the system. &nbsp;The =
construction of=20
  this circuit is shown below.</B><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P align=3Dcenter><IMG border=3D0 alt=3D"Non-destructive read-out"=20
src=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/regist02.=
jpg"=20
width=3D493 height=3D159><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>The data is loaded to the register when the control line =
is=20
  HIGH (ie WRITE). &nbsp;The data can be shifted out of the register =
when the=20
  control line is LOW (ie READ). &nbsp;This&nbsp;is shown in the =
animation=20
  below.</B> </BLOCKQUOTE>
<P align=3Dcenter><IMG border=3D0 alt=3D"SISO non destructive output"=20
src=3D"http://www.eelab.usyd.edu.au/digital_tutorial/part2/pics/4siso4.gi=
f"=20
width=3D280 height=3D41>=20
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